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In this study, new 5-aryl-3-carbamoyl-1-oxo-3-methylcyclohexane (4a-c) and 5-aryl-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-azobicyclo [3.2.1] octan-2-one (5a-c) were synthesised from the reaction of 5-aryl-3-cyano-3-methylcyclohexanone with KOH in EtOH-H2O. The mechanism is discussed. The formation of the target derivatives has been confirmed using the Fourier Transform IR, Mass, 1H NMR and 13C NMR as well as 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC and HOMOCOSY). A novel synthetic strategy to obtain Lactam and caboxamide in three step reactions in moderate to good yield is reported. The Molecular docking studies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protease against carboxamide and lactam showed very good binding energy.
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In migration and mobility studies, the availability of scientifically reliable data remains a persistent challenge. The recent move towards harnessing mobile and big data has also been unable to resolve the data issues due to accessibility, privacy, as well as ethical and methodological intricacies involved with such data sets. In this paper, we explore a new set of data known as visitor location register (VLR) and roaming data, which is recorded and reported by mobile service providers. The reporting model of VLR data used and presented in this paper is not only free from privacy and ethical concerns but also methodologically sound and simple to compute as compared to any previous approaches. Drawing on VLR data, this paper finds direct evidence of unusually high interstate net reverse migration during the first and second COVID-19 lockdowns in India (44.13 and 26.3 million, respectively), and thereafter quick return migration back to cities during unlocks. The findings from this paper also provide insights into evolving migration directions, precarity, pockets of origin and destination and state policies in containing reverse migration during lockdowns in India. We anticipate that the data presented in the paper have the potential to fill a major data gap in migration and mobility studies in other countries too if VLR and roaming data are made available at the required spatial and temporal levels.
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Over the last decade, India has witnessed an exponential rise in the sales through e-commerce platforms. With the pandemic-related lockdowns and social distancing norms being the new normal, individuals are forced to shop online, for their day-to-day requirements. The trend has become increasingly pronounced in the last year. One such domain that has come to the fore in our fight against the epidemic is e-Pharmacy. Increasing internet penetration, e-commerce adoption, and changing consumer preferences are some of the growth drivers of e-pharmacy and the market is expected to grow at a compounded rate of 44 per cent to reach $ 4.5B by 2025 in India. However, the sector also faces several challenges like lack of trust, privacy issues, legal concerns and limited geographical presence. In the context of the lack of studies examining consumer attitude towards e-pharmacy in India, this study investigates the effects of risk perception, perceived usefulness and subjective norms on customers’ online purchase intention towards e-pharmacy. The data is collected from 490 customers across different parts of India through online and offline data collection modes, out of which 423 was the final sample size, after deleted the incomplete questionnaires. Purposive sampling was employed to select the sample respondents, and data analysis have done using statistical tool IBM SPSS. The study revealed the significant relation between risk perception and perceived usefulness towards online purchase intention while the influence of subjective norms on online purchase intention is found insignificant. Online pharmacies have shown a lot of promise in terms of enhancing pharma retail. Their continued expansion would improve the digital healthcare ecosystem and help the government to achieve its goals of providing efficient and cheap health coverage. The insights gained from this study will significantly help health marketing professionals and other stakeholders to formulate their strategies more effectively.
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Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a program based on the telementoring model [Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO)] for primary care physicians in diagnosing and treating patients with dementia. Method: The ECHO model was adapted through 12 live sessions of 2 h every 2 weeks consisting of a didactic presentation by the expert, peer-led new case discussions, and follow-up discussions. In addition, there were 10 h of self-paced e-learning and interim assignments. The impact was examined by noting participation, session ratings, monthly clinical reports, and comparing knowledge and competency scores before and after the course. Results: Among the 63 participants, 39.7% attended at least 80% of the sessions; completing the program successfully. The ratings for all sessions ranged from "good" to "excellent." The paired sample t-test revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in self-rated skills and confidence in diagnosing and treating dementia with an effect size of 1.25 and 1.37, respectively. No change in the knowledge score was observed throughout the course. A considerable increase in dementia-related clinical practice was observed during four monthly summary of clinical cases. Due to the limited data of monthly reports during the COVID pandemic, no statistical analysis was attempted. Conclusion: The ECHO model appears to have a positive immediate impact on the clinical ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and treat dementia. Its direct impact on patient health and at the community level should be aimed at in future studies.
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P103 Table 1Results Pre pandemic group Pandemic group p value Number of patients 82 83 Number of procedures 157 132 Number of procedural episodes 152 122 Sex – Female (%) 35 (42.7) 40 (48.2) 0.477 Age, mean ( SD), yrs 65.3 (14.4) 66.5 (14.9) 0.60 Interval between referral and date of procedure, median (IQR), days 4 ( 6) n= 75 3 (6) n= 75 0.134 Interval between sampling & histocytological diagnosis, median (IQR), days 5 (3) n= 66 4 (4) n= 76 0.003 Types of procedures (%) Diagnostic and/or therapeutic pleural aspirate Indwelling pleural catheter review & or drainage Indwelling pleural catheter insertion Percutaneous pleural biopsy Medical thoracoscopy Other procedure 60/157 (38.2) 62/157 (39.5) 20/157 (12.7) 7/157 (4.4) 3/157 (1.9) 5/157 (3.2) 63/132 (47.7) 15/132 (11.4) 28/132 (21.2) 7/132 (5.3) 4/132 (3) 15/132 (11.4) Diagnoses% Malignancy Benign disease Infection 46/82 (56.1) 36/82 (43.9) 0/82 (0) 45/83 (54.2) 35/83 (42.2) 3/83 (3.6) ConclusionDespite the pressures of the pandemic on health care system, pleural activity remained relatively stable. Number of procedural episodes were lower in the pandemic group due to combining the procedures where appropriate and streamlining IPC reviews and drainages by finding alternative ways of managing these patients in the community.
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With the new overall COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing face veils have become a significant piece of our lives. To evade the spread of contamination Individuals are urged to cover their faces using a mask when in open territory. The utilization of these face veils makes the orthodox facial recognition system inadequate for authentication in school/office participation, face access control, facial participation, facial security checks at airport and train stations, etc. The recent progressed deep learning-based face acknowledgment approaches rely upon countless training samples and significant features of the entire face. This paper addresses the issue of recognition of face and veil using Gabor wavelet and deep transfer learning. Here the Gabor wavelet features are extracted from the non-masked region of the face and integrated with deep learned CNN features to generate a more robust feature vector for optimizing recognition. The proposed method is experimented on 4 benchmark datasets and a manually prepared dates and achieved averaged 97% recognition accuracy. © 2021 IEEE.
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The onslaught of COVID-19 thrust upon humanity two major challenges, that of human health and that of the economy;the migrants are mired in both. It has both pushed the world economic order into chaos and challenged even the mightiest of economies. The initial advent of COVID-19 sowed confusion within systems of governance as countries struggled to deal with its unprecedented threat. The pandemic has both exposed the magnitude of India’s dependency upon internal migrants for low-end jobs and the vulnerabilities they face in spite of such dependency. Migration has a history as old as humanity, and India is no exception to this. India has long been the land of the world’s largest voluntary and involuntary migration. The problems with employment that pre-dated the pandemic continue to remain at play with the added shock to the economy, making re-employment and income generation difficult. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Asha Hans, Kalpana Kannabiran, Manoranjan Mohanty and Pushpendra;individual chapters, the contributors.
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Introduction: Older adults are at disproportionate risk of serious disease and mortality due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Further, the global response to the lockdown has rendered older adults particularly vulnerable to loneliness and social isolation due to the physical distancing and shelter in place mandate. We hypothesized that both these factors would lead to an increase in geriatric mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: We undertook a clinical audit of all geriatric patients (above 60 years of age) attending the psychiatry emergency services at a tertiary care hospital. This audit was conducted over a period of 52 days dating from the cessation of non-essential services at the hospital as part of the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic (lockdown). We used descriptive statistics to summarize the number, age, sex, presenting complaint and diagnoses of our patients. We further compared the average number of geriatric patients attending the psychiatry emergency services in the hospital during the lockdown to that of geriatric patients attending the same in the year before the lockdown. Results: A total of 112 geriatric patients attended the psychiatry emergency services during the lockdown period. Of these, 62 were male and 50 female. The average number of geriatric patients attending the emergency services daily during this period (μ1 2.15) was significantly higher (z 5.36, p ≤ 0.01) than the average number of patients attending the emergency services in the year preceding the lockdown (μ2 1.34). The most common presenting complaint was agitation in the preceding weeks. The most common diagnoses were late onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders followed by affective disorders and major neurocognitive disorders. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic and the global response to the same constitute life events for older adults. They may contribute to biological, psychological and social risk factors for mental health problems in older adults during this period. The increase in geriatric patients attending our emergency services, despite an increase in restrictions on mobility which act as barriers in the pathway to care, is worrying. Under stimulation in older adults during this period may contribute to an increase in agitation.
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This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on migration. The rapid spread of the pandemic caught countries across the world off guard, resulting in widespread lockdowns that clamped down on mobility, commercial activities and social interactions. In India, the pandemic precipitated a severe 'crisis of mobility', with migrant labourers in many major cities seeking to return to their hometowns. Their desperate attempts to return home by any means available rendered the lockdown ineffective in several areas, prompting clashes with authorities, last-minute policy relief and, eventually, the arrangement of transport measures. This paper aims to shed light on the vulnerability of India's internal migrants in terms of their mobility, gender and mental health. In addition, it critically analyses the limitations of public policy in addressing migrants and suggests recommendations for the way ahead.